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Combinatorics

Coefficient Stability and Linear Cumulants for Colored Interlacing Triangles

Alex Chengyu Li

Working Paper · ZenodoFirst public

Overview

In a depth-two colored interlacing triangle, each color appears twice above and once below, in top-bottom-top order. A polynomial counts these arrangements by a nonnegative statistic called energy. For each fixed coefficient index k, the paper proves that the coefficient is polynomial in the number n of colors once n is at least 2k+1, with the exact preceding discrepancy for k at least one. The corresponding coefficients of the logarithm, which define cumulants, are linear in n. These results answer Blitvic and Petrov's Conjectures 4.3, 4.4 and 4.9. Refined counts track reversed pairs in the bottom row and the locations of local deviations; the full-index log-concavity conjecture remains open.

Original abstract (English)

In a depth-two colored interlacing triangle, each color occurs twice on top and once below, in top-bottom-top order. We prove the coefficient-polynomiality and linear-cumulant conjectures of Blitvic and Petrov for depth-two colored interlacing triangles with arbitrary bottom row. At every fixed coefficient index k, the normalized coefficient is a polynomial in the number n of colors for n at least 2k+1, has leading coefficient 5^k/k!, and becomes integral after multiplication by k!. For k at least one the range is sharp; at n=2k the discrepancy from the stable polynomial is exactly 3^(k-1). A refinement by bottom-row inversions has leading coefficient (1+4u)^k/k! and gives a binomial limiting inversion law at fixed energy, together with a spatial uniform order-statistic limit for unit defects. The proof bounds the number of nonreset positions and obtains a formal simple-pole factorization with a degree-controlled remainder. We also establish all four explicitly conjectured low-degree formulas and eventual strict log-concavity at every fixed coefficient index. For identity bottom row, the sharp stability range improves to n at least k+1. These results answer Conjectures 4.3, 4.4 and 4.9 in Colored Interlacing Triangles and Genocchi Medians (SIGMA 22 (2026), 081, DOI 10.3842/SIGMA.2026.081).

Public abstract source

Original public questions

Natasha Blitvić and Leonid Petrov: Colored Interlacing Triangles and Genocchi MediansSIGMA 22 (2026), 081; Conjectures 4.3, 4.4 and 4.9. Full-index log-concavity Conjecture 4.1 is outside the proved scope.

colored interlacing trianglesGenocchi mediansBlitvic Petrov Conjecture 4.3Blitvic Petrov Conjecture 4.4Blitvic Petrov Conjecture 4.9coefficient stabilitylinear cumulants

Mathematical review

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The manuscript has completed internal review. Complete formalization is not yet established for this public version.

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